What term refers to the state of matter formed near absolute zero where atoms behave coherently?

The term that refers to the state of matter formed near absolute zero, where atoms behave coherently, is Bose-Einstein Condensate. This state occurs when a group of atoms is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero, causing them to occupy the same quantum state. At this extremely low temperature, the indistinguishable particles begin to exhibit quantum phenomena on a macroscopic scale, leading to behaviors that are not typically observed in higher energy states of matter.

In a Bose-Einstein Condensate, atoms lose their individual identities and collectively act as a single quantum entity. This unique state was predicted by the physicists Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein in the early 20th century, and it allows for remarkable phenomena such as superfluidity and coherence over large distances.

The other terms refer to different states of matter or physical phenomena. Ferromagnetic State relates to materials that exhibit spontaneous magnetization, while Superfluid State describes fluids that flow without viscosity. The Plasma State involves ionized gases with free electrons and ions, which occurs at much higher temperatures, contrasting sharply with the ultra-cold conditions required for a Bose-Einstein Condensate.