What process involves converting photons into electrical energy?

The process of converting photons into electrical energy is known as solar action, which is fundamental to how solar panels work. Solar panels are designed to harness sunlight, which consists of photons, and convert that solar energy into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. When photons strike the surface of a solar cell, they can impart their energy to electrons in the material, allowing these electrons to flow and create electric current. This process embodies harnessing renewable energy from the sun, making solar action significant in the context of clean energy solutions and increasing efficiency in energy systems.

The other processes mentioned do not apply to the conversion of photons into electrical energy in the same way. Thermal action typically refers to processes involving heat transfer, magnetic induction pertains to generating electricity through magnetic fields, and chemical action usually involves reactions that produce energy or change chemical composition, not directly related to the conversion of light into electricity.