What is the role of a transformer in an electrical circuit?

A transformer plays a crucial role in an electrical circuit by changing the voltage level of alternating current (AC) electricity as it passes through it. This device works on the principle of electromagnetic induction, where two or more coils of wire are wound around a common core. The primary coil receives the input voltage, and based on the turns ratio between the primary and secondary coils, the transformer can either increase (step-up) or decrease (step-down) the voltage.

Transformers are essential in electrical systems for several reasons. For instance, they are used in power transmission to step up the voltage for efficient long-distance electricity transport and step it down again at the distribution end for safe usage in homes and businesses. This ability to modify voltage levels is critical for minimizing energy loss and ensuring that electricity can be safely and effectively used in various applications.

The other functions mentioned, such as amplifying voltage, measuring energy consumption, or converting AC to DC, do not align with the primary purpose of transformers. While amplifying voltage might be a function of other devices like amplifiers, and measuring energy consumption is typically the role of wattmeters, converting AC to DC is accomplished by rectifiers, not transformers. Therefore, the correct answer reflects the fundamental role transformers play in voltage manipulation