What happens in the AC cycle of a waveform?

In the AC cycle of a waveform, the key characteristic is that it alternates between positive and negative voltages. This alternating nature is defined by the way AC (alternating current) changes direction periodically. During one half of the cycle, the voltage is positive, indicating that the current is flowing in one direction, and during the other half, the voltage is negative, indicating that the current is flowing in the opposite direction.

This alternation is essential in AC circuits, allowing for the efficient transmission of electricity over long distances and enabling the use of transformers. The continuous switching between these two polarities creates a sinusoidal waveform in most cases, although it can also take on other shapes (like square or triangular waves) based on the specific application. The ability to alternate is crucial for various electrical applications, including power generation and distribution, making this characteristic fundamental to understanding AC waveforms.