What are two common types of transformers?

The classification of transformers into step-up and step-down types is fundamental to understanding their function in electrical systems.

A step-up transformer is designed to increase voltage from the primary side to the secondary side. This is achieved by having more turns of wire on the secondary coil compared to the primary coil. The increased voltage typically comes with a proportional decrease in current, adhering to the principle of conservation of energy.

Conversely, a step-down transformer reduces voltage from the primary side to the secondary side by having fewer turns of wire on the secondary coil than the primary coil. This transformation results in a higher output current compared to the input current.

These two types of transformers play crucial roles in power distribution. Step-up transformers are often used in power generation to elevate voltage for transmission over long distances, minimizing energy loss. Step-down transformers are utilized at the distribution end to lower the voltage to safe levels for use in homes and businesses.

The other categories mentioned—series and parallel transformers, AC and DC transformers, and inductive and capacitive transformers—do not accurately describe the main operational types of transformers within electrical systems. Instead, they refer to specific configurations, applications, or classifications that do not pertain directly to voltage transformation capabilities.