How is the total resistance calculated in a series circuit?

In a series circuit, the total resistance is calculated by adding the individual resistances together. This is due to the nature of how series circuits function: the same current flows through each resistor sequentially. Therefore, the total opposition to current flow (total resistance) is simply the sum of the resistances being encountered.

When resistors are in series, each resistor adds its value of resistance to the total. For example, if you have three resistors with values of 2 ohms, 3 ohms, and 5 ohms in series, the total resistance would be 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 ohms. This additive property is fundamental to series circuits, ensuring that the overall resistance is higher than any individual resistor.

The other methods mentioned do not apply to the total resistance calculations in a series circuit. Multiplying resistance values or taking an average would not accurately represent the total resistance in this configuration. Ohm's Law, while important for relating voltage, current, and resistance, does not directly provide a method for calculating total resistance in a series circuit configuration. Thus, the understanding that resistances add up provides clarity on how electricity flows through series arrangements.